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- <text id=91TT2814>
- <title>
- Dec. 16, 1991: Diplomacy:Mr. Behind-the-Scenes
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 16, 1991 The Smile of Freedom
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HOSTAGES, Page 23
- DIPLOMACY
- Mr. Behind-the-Scenes
- </hdr><body>
- <p>How a courageous United Nations negotiator put himself at risk
- to broker the hostage deal
- </p>
- <p>By David Ellis--Reported by Bonnie Angelo/New York and Lara
- Marlowe/Damascus
- </p>
- <p> Giandomenico Picco would have been justified if he had
- tried to grab some of the limelight that fell on Terry Anderson
- and his fellow liberated hostages as they emerged into freedom.
- Instead, the tall, dapper mediator stood in the background,
- saying nothing about the key role he had played in securing the
- captives' release. As the point man of U.N. Secretary-General
- Javier Perez de Cuellar's seven-month campaign to resolve the
- hostage crisis, Picco had engaged in a series of daunting
- covert missions to Shi`ite strongholds in Lebanon to bargain
- with the captors. At times he disappeared from sight for days
- on end.
- </p>
- <p> Described by Perez de Cuellar as "more of a soldier than
- a diplomat," Picco was a natural choice for the dangerous
- assignment. The Italian-born Picco, 43, first worked for Perez
- de Cuellar in Cyprus with the U.N. peacekeeping forces in the
- 1970s. He joined the Secretary-General's personal staff in 1982,
- and was part of the team that negotiated the Soviet withdrawal
- from Afghanistan. Once pragmatists in Iran's government
- concluded that the hostage crisis had to be resolved, the first
- man they turned to was Picco. They trusted him because of his
- evenhanded role as head of the task force behind the 1988
- U.N.-sponsored cease-fire that ended the Iran-Iraq war.
- </p>
- <p> Picco passed the word to Perez de Cuellar, who was eager
- to wrap up the hostage ordeal before his retirement at the end
- of this year. The U.N. team decided to work on two levels.
- Perez de Cuellar mounted a high-profile diplomatic campaign,
- repeatedly visiting Iran, Syria and Israel to obtain official
- backing for Picco's veiled bargaining. The U.N. chief also
- sought advice from Brent Scowcroft, George Bush's National
- Security Adviser, who traveled to New York City to meet secretly
- with Perez de Cuellar, sometimes without the knowledge of Thomas
- Pickering, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N. Scowcroft assured
- Perez de Cuellar that Israel was prepared to help free the
- hostages.
- </p>
- <p> Scowcroft was careful to act only as a consultant,
- refusing to involve the U.S. in the bargaining with either the
- abductors or their Iranian backers. "Our basic message to the
- Iranians was that we don't see any reason for abiding
- hostilities and we were prepared to work toward a new
- relationship, provided the hostage thing was resolved," says a
- senior Administration official.
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile Picco embarked on his secret mission. On several
- occasions he traveled with Syrian secret police to the border
- with Lebanon, where he was met by intermediaries waiting in a
- black Mercedes. Then he was driven--alone, with his head
- covered by a cloth bag--into the Bekaa Valley, in the eastern
- portion of Lebanon. Some of his meetings with Shi`ite operatives
- were held in the village of Nabisheet, where he may have spoken
- to some of the hostages. When asked about that possibility,
- Picco crisply responds, "Next question."
- </p>
- <p> These forays were filled with danger. "In order to meet
- with [the captors], their security was absolutely
- guaranteed," says Picco. "I always met with them alone, and
- always at night. We met many, many times." Picco needed no
- reminder that Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite was seized in
- 1987 under similar circumstances. Says Picco: "Either you are
- afraid or you are a fool." While in Lebanon, Picco began to move
- to a different house every night after U.N. sources learned that
- there was a contract on his life.
- </p>
- <p> The U.N. effort started to pick up in August, when British
- journalist John McCarthy was released. He was carrying a message
- from Islamic Jihad: if Israel would release more than 300 Arab
- detainees, including Sheik Abdul Karim Obeid, a Shi`ite Muslim
- cleric kidnapped by Israeli commandos in 1989, the group would
- be willing to free its remaining captives. Using Picco as a
- go-between, the two sides began exchanging information about the
- condition of their prisoners.
- </p>
- <p> A month later, Perez de Cuellar went to Tehran to receive
- Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani's assurances that he would
- pressure the radicals to free their captives. At about the same
- time, Picco arrived in Lebanon to tell the kidnappers that
- Israel was willing to release Arab prisoners. In return, the
- Israelis demanded information on seven of their servicemen
- missing in Lebanon, one of whom is known to be alive.
- </p>
- <p> Despite these encouraging developments, Picco feared that
- the process might unravel in the atmosphere of mutual
- suspicion. In late October, without clearing the move with Perez
- de Cuellar, Picco instructed the Beirut U.N. information office
- to announce that an American would be released within 24 hours.
- The announcement forced the kidnappers to honor their side of
- the agreement by delivering Jesse Turner to Syrian officials.
- Four weeks later, Waite and Thomas Sutherland were freed,
- setting the stage for the end of the hostage drama. In a key
- session on Nov. 30, Picco received a timetable for the release
- of Joseph Cicippio, Alann Steen and, finally, Terry Anderson.
- </p>
- <p> But as so often happens in the Middle East, there was a
- last-minute hitch. Sources in Damascus confirm that Anderson's
- release was delayed seven hours because a hard-line faction
- within Islamic Jihad advocated holding on to him as a bargaining
- chip. Anderson was freed only after fundamentalist leaders
- reined in the dissident faction.
- </p>
- <p> While America's hostage nightmare has ended, Picco's
- mission is incomplete. Securing the return of the two remaining
- German hostages and the Israeli soldier will be ticklish, in
- part because the abductors are afraid they will be liquidated
- by vengeful Western governments or abandoned by their former
- Iranian patrons. That fear could delay Perez de Cuellar's dream
- of bringing the entire hostage saga to a close--and send Picco
- back into the Bekaa Valley.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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